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Society, Law & JusticeL07
use_of_english

Use of English

Transformation, word formation and precision work in Cambridge C1 style.

50 minC1c1use_of_englishsociety-law-justiceword formationkey word transformationlawjustice

Lesson objectives

  • Improve grammatical precision and collocational control.
  • Practise exam-style transformations and word formation systematically.
  • Connect structure and lexis back to the unit theme of society, law & justice.

Part 1 — Word formation

Instructions: Complete the sentences by changing the form of the word in CAPITALS at the end of each line.

  1. The judge's decision was based on a strictly ____ interpretation of the current legislation. LEGAL
  2. There has been a significant ____ in public opinion regarding the new criminal justice laws. SHIFT
  3. The defendant's ____ was evident when he failed to provide a coherent alibi. UNRELIABILITY
  4. Many activists argue that the current legal system is inherently ____, favouring the wealthy. INEQUALITY
  5. The lawyer provided ____ evidence that proved her client was innocent of all charges. IRREFUTABLE
  6. After the scandal, the politician faced widespread ____ from the general public. DISAPPROVAL
  7. The government is looking for ways to prevent the ____ of crime in urban areas. ESCALATION
  8. It is ____ that all citizens receive a fair trial regardless of their social status. ESSENTIAL

Part 2 — Key word transformations

Instructions: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given.

1. If you hadn't been so reckless, you wouldn't be in prison now. | HAVE → If you ________ so reckless, you wouldn't be in prison now.

2. I didn't study harder, so I don't have a degree today. | WERE → If I ____ harder, I would have a degree today. 3. If the jury had reached a verdict sooner, the prisoner wouldn't be in this situation. | HAD → Had the jury ___, the prisoner wouldn't be in this situation. 4. I am not a judge, so I cannot pass sentence on you. | WERE → If I __, I would be able to pass sentence on you. 5. You didn't listen to the warnings, which is why you are facing legal action. | BUT → If it __ the warnings, you wouldn't be facing legal action. 6. If the law were stricter, there would be less crime. | STRICTER → Were the _____, there would be less crime.

Answer key

  1. legal
  2. shift
  3. unreliability
  4. unequal
  5. irrefutable
  6. disapproval
  7. escalation
  8. essential
  9. had not been
  10. had studied
  11. reached a verdict sooner
  12. were a judge
  13. had not been for
  14. laws to be stricter