AULAFYCurso abierto de inglés C1
HomeCoursePopulism, Nationalism & Democratic ErosionVocabulary Lab
Populism, Nationalism & Democratic ErosionL03
vocabulary

Vocabulary Lab

High-value C1 vocabulary with pronunciation, collocations and examples.

45 minC1c1vocabularypopulism-nationalism-democratic-erosionpopulismnationalismdemocracysovereignty

Lesson objectives

  • Learn advanced lexical items related to populism, nationalism & democratic erosion.
  • Reuse collocations and pronunciation cues more accurately.
  • Transfer high-value vocabulary into speaking and writing tasks.

Vocabulario C1 — Populism, Nationalism & Democratic Erosion

30 palabras con definición, traducción, ejemplo y audio.

sovereignty //

/ˈsɒvrənti/n
Definition:The authority of a state to govern itself or another state.
Traducción:soberanía
Example:The new administration has prioritised national sovereignty over international treaty obligations.
Collocation:national sovereignty
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    • hegemony //

    /hɪˈɡɛməni/n
    Definition:Leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others.
    Traducción:hegemonía
    Example:Critics argue that the global economic hegemony is shifting towards new regional blocs.
    Collocation:cultural hegemony
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    • autocracy //

    /ɔːˈtɒkrəsi/n
    Definition:A system of government by one person with absolute power.
    Traducción:autocracia
    Example:The gradual slide into autocracy was marked by the erosion of judicial independence.
    Collocation:rise of autocracy
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    • disenchantment //

    /ˌdɪsɪnˈtʃɑːntmənt/n
    Definition:A feeling of disappointment about something you previously believed in.
    Traducción:desencanto
    Example:Widespread disenchantment with traditional parties has fuelled the rise of populist movements.
    Collocation:political disenchantment
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    • polarisation //

    /ˌpɒləraɪˈzeɪʃn/n
    Definition:Division into two sharply contrasting groups or sets of opinions or beliefs.
    Traducción:polarización
    Example:Political polarisation has reached unprecedented levels in the current election cycle.
    Collocation:extreme polarisation
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    • demagoguery //

    /ˈdɛməɡɒɡi/n
    Definition:Political activity or rhetoric that appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people rather than using rational argument.
    Traducción:demagogia
    Example:The candidate's rhetoric was criticised as mere demagoguery designed to exploit public anger.
    Collocation:political demagoguery
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    • unilateral //

    /ˌjuːnɪˈlætərəl/adj
    Definition:An action performed by or affecting only one person, group, or country involved in a situation, without the agreement of others.
    Traducción:unilateral
    Example:The government's unilateral decision to withdraw from the trade pact caused international tension.
    Collocation:unilateral decision
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    • subvert //

    /səbˈvɜːt/v
    Definition:To undermine the power and authority of an established system or institution.
    Traducción:subvertir
    Example:Attempts to subvert the democratic process through misinformation are being closely monitored.
    Collocation:subvert authority
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    • ideology //

    /ˌaɪdiˈɒlədʒi/n
    Definition:A system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.
    Traducción:ideología
    Example:The party's rigid ideology prevents them from forming necessary coalitions.
    Collocation:political ideology
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    • instigate //

    /ˈɪnstɪɡeɪt/v
    Definition:To bring about or initiate an action or event, especially something bad.
    Traducción:instigar
    Example:Radical groups attempted to instigate civil unrest through social media campaigns.
    Collocation:instigate conflict
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    • bipartisan //

    /ˌbaɪˈpɑːtɪzn/adj
    Definition:Involving the agreement or cooperation of two political parties that usually oppose each other.
    Traducción:bipartidista
    Example:A bipartisan committee was formed to investigate the integrity of the voting system.
    Collocation:bipartisan support
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    • coalition //

    /ˌkəʊəˈlɪʃn/n
    Definition:A temporary alliance of political parties forming a government.
    Traducción:coalición
    Example:After months of negotiations, a fragile coalition government was finally established.
    Collocation:form a coalition
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    • mandate //

    /ˈmændeɪt/n
    Definition:The authority to carry out a policy or course of action, given by the electorate to a candidate or party that is elected.
    Traducción:mandato
    Example:The leader claimed a clear mandate to implement radical economic reforms.
    Collocation:political mandate
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    • grievance //

    /ˈɡriːvəns/n
    Definition:A real or perceived wrong that causes someone to feel resentment.
    Traducción:queja / agravio
    Example:Populist leaders often capitalise on the economic grievances of the working class.
    Collocation:address grievances
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    • instability //

    /ˌɪnstəˈbɪləti/n
    Definition:The state of being unstable; lack of certainty or predictability.
    Traducción:inestabilidad
    Example:Political instability in the region has led to significant fluctuations in the currency.
    Collocation:political instability
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    • discourse //

    /ˈdɪskɔːs/n
    Definition:Written or spoken communication or debate.
    Traducción:discurso / debate
    Example:The quality of political discourse has declined due to the rise of echo chambers.
    Collocation:political discourse
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    • orchestrate //

    /ˈɔːkɪstreɪt/v
    Definition:To plan or arrange something carefully, often to achieve a specific effect.
    Traducción:orquestar
    Example:The protest was carefully orchestrated to coincide with the international summit.
    Collocation:orchestrate a campaign
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    • unsettle //

    /ʌnˈsɛtl/v
    Definition:To cause someone to feel anxious or nervous; to disturb the stability of something.
    Traducción:inquietar / desestabilizar
    Example:Sudden changes in policy can unsettle both the public and the markets.
    Collocation:unsettle the status quo
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    • fragmentation //

    /ˌfræɡmənˈteɪʃn/n
    Definition:The process of breaking into small or separate parts.
    Traducción:fragmentación
    Example:The fragmentation of the political landscape makes forming a majority difficult.
    Collocation:political fragmentation
  • 🔊

    • rally //

    /ˈræli/v
    Definition:To come together in order to support a person or cause.
    Traducción:reunirse / movilizarse
    Example:The candidate managed to rally supporters through a series of charismatic speeches.
    Collocation:rally support
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    • leverage //

    /ˈliːvərɪdʒ/v
    Definition:To use something to maximum advantage.
    Traducción:aprovechar / ejercer influencia
    Example:Populist leaders often leverage social media to bypass traditional news outlets.
    Collocation:leverage influence
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    • disrupt //

    /dɪsˈrʌpt/v
    Definition:To interrupt an event, activity, or process by causing a disturbance or problem.
    Traducción:interrumpir / alterar
    Example:New political movements aim to disrupt the established order of governance.
    Collocation:disrupt the system
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    • propaganda //

    /ˌprɒpəˈɡændə/n
    Definition:Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote a political cause or faction.
    Traducción:propaganda
    Example:The regime used state-controlled media to spread propaganda to the masses.
    Collocation:state propaganda
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    • radicalise //

    /ˈrædɪkəlaɪz/v
    Definition:To cause someone to adopt radical views or to support extreme political or religious principles.
    Traducción:radicalizar
    Example:Algorithms can inadvertently radicalise users by showing them increasingly extreme content.
    Collocation:radicalise individuals
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    • backlash //

    /ˈbæklæʃ/n
    Definition:A strong and adverse reaction by a large number of people, especially to a social or political development.
    Traducción:reacción violenta / reacción adversa
    Example:The government faced a massive backlash following the unpopular tax reforms.
    Collocation:political backlash
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    • echo chamber //

    /ˈɛkəʊ ˌtʃeɪmbə/n
    Definition:An environment in which a person only encounters information or opinions that reflect and reinforce their own.
    Traducción:cámara de eco
    Example:Living in an echo chamber makes it difficult to understand opposing political viewpoints.
    Collocation:social media echo chamber
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    • dog whistle //

    /ˈdɒɡ ˌwɪsl/n
    Definition:A subtle, coded message sent to a particular group of people that is not intended to be understood by the wider public.
    Traducción:mensaje codificado / silbato para perros
    Example:The politician's speech was full of dog whistles aimed at nationalist voters.
    Collocation:political dog whistle
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    • troll //

    /trəʊl/v
    Definition:To post inflammatory, rude, or off-topic messages online to provoke an emotional response.
    Traducción:trolear / provocar
    Example:Automated bots are often used to troll political opponents and spread misinformation.
    Collocation:troll users
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    • clout //

    /klaʊt/n
    Definition:Influence or power, especially in politics or business.
    Traducción:influencia / poder
    Example:The party is trying to regain its political clout after the recent election defeat.
    Collocation:political clout
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    • vibe check //

    /vaɪb tʃɛk/n/phrase
    Definition:A slang term used to assess the emotional state or 'vibe' of a situation or group of people.
    Traducción:evaluación de la situación / 'vibe check'
    Example:The sudden shift in public mood was a massive vibe check for the ruling party.
    Collocation:perform a vibe check
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