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HomeCourseEnvironmental Law & Climate LitigationUse of English
Environmental Law & Climate LitigationL07
use_of_english

Use of English

Transformation, word formation and precision work in Cambridge C1 style.

50 minC1c1use_of_englishenvironmental-law-climate-litigationclimatelitigationregulationemissions

Lesson objectives

  • Improve grammatical precision and collocational control.
  • Practise exam-style transformations and word formation systematically.
  • Connect structure and lexis back to the unit theme of environmental law & climate litigation.

Part 1 — Word formation

Instructions: Use the word in CAPITALS at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap.

  1. The recent court ruling has been seen as a ____ victory for environmental activists worldwide. LEGA
  2. Many corporations face severe ____ for their role in accelerating global warming. ACCOUNT
  3. The ____ of the new environmental regulations was delayed due to intense lobbying. IMPLEMENT
  4. There is growing ____ regarding the impact of deep-sea mining on marine ecosystems. CONCERN
  5. The lawyer argued that the company's actions were entirely ____ with international climate treaties. COMPLY
  6. Environmental groups are seeking ____ compensation for the damage caused by oil spills. SUBSTANTIAL
  7. The ____ of the new legislation will require constant monitoring by independent bodies. ENFORCE
  8. The sudden ____ of the climate crisis has forced governments to act more decisively. URGENT

Part 2 — Key word transformations

Instructions: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and five words, including the word given.

1. "You must reduce your carbon emissions immediately," the judge told the CEO. | URGED → The judge ________ to reduce their carbon emissions immediately.

2. "We did not leak chemicals into the river," the company stated. | DENIED → The company ____ chemicals into the river. 3. "The new law will lead to massive protests," the journalist said. | ALLEGED → The journalist ___ that the new law would lead to massive protests. 4. "I am certain that the legislation is flawed," the activist said. | INSISTED → The activist __ the legislation was flawed. 5. "The government must take responsibility for the drought," the scientist said. | URGED → The scientist __ the government to take responsibility for the drought. 6. "We did not knowingly violate the environmental protocols," the manager said. | DENIED → The manager _____ the environmental protocols.

Answer key

  1. landmark
  2. accountability
  3. implementation
  4. concern
  5. compliant
  6. substantial
  7. enforcement
  8. urgency
  9. urged the CEO
  10. denied leaking
  11. alleged
  12. insisted that
  13. urged
  14. denied knowingly violating