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Electoral Systems, Voting & DemocracyL03
vocabulary

Vocabulary Lab

High-value C1 vocabulary with pronunciation, collocations and examples.

45 minC1c1vocabularyelectoral-systems-voting-democracyelectoraldemocracyvotingpolitics

Lesson objectives

  • Learn advanced lexical items related to electoral systems, voting & democracy.
  • Reuse collocations and pronunciation cues more accurately.
  • Transfer high-value vocabulary into speaking and writing tasks.

Vocabulario C1 — Electoral Systems, Voting & Democracy

30 palabras con definición, traducción, ejemplo y audio.

franchise //

/ˈfræntʃaɪz/n
Definition:The right to vote in political elections.
Traducción:sufragio / derecho al voto
Example:The debate over expanding the franchise to include 16-year-olds remains a central issue in the 2026 election cycle.
Collocation:universal franchise
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    • constituency //

    /kənˈstɪtʃuənsi/n
    Definition:A body of voters in a specified area who elect a representative to a legislative body.
    Traducción:circunscripción / distrito electoral
    Example:The MP spent the entire week meeting with local leaders in her constituency to discuss the new policy.
    Collocation:electoral constituency
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    • electorate //

    /ɪˈlɛktərət/n
    Definition:All the people in a nation or area who are entitled to vote in an election.
    Traducción:electorado
    Example:Pollsters are struggling to predict the outcome as the electorate becomes increasingly fragmented.
    Collocation:the entire electorate
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    • manifesto //

    /ˌmænɪˈfɛstəʊ/n
    Definition:A public declaration of policy and aims, especially one issued by a political party.
    Traducción:manifiesto / programa electoral
    Example:The party's manifesto promises radical changes to the national healthcare system.
    Collocation:to publish a manifesto
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    • referendum //

    /ˌrɛfəˈrɛndəm/n
    Definition:A direct vote by which an entire electorate is asked to accept or reject a political proposition.
    Traducción:referéndum
    Example:The government proposed a referendum to settle the dispute over regional autonomy.
    Collocation:to hold a referendum
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    • sovereignty //

    /ˈsɒvrənti/n
    Definition:The authority of a state to govern itself or another state.
    Traducción:soberanía
    Example:The debate over international treaties often hinges on the concept of national sovereignty.
    Collocation:national sovereignty
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    • disenfranchise //

    /dɪsɪnˈfræntʃaɪz/v
    Definition:To deprive someone of the right to vote.
    Traducción:privar del derecho al voto / marginar
    Example:Critics argue that the new ID laws could effectively disenfranchise millions of minority voters.
    Collocation:to be disenfranchised
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    • bipartisan //

    /ˌbaɪˈpɑːtɪzən/adj
    Definition:Involving the agreement or cooperation of two political parties that usually oppose each other.
    Traducción:bipartidista / de ambos partidos
    Example:A bipartisan committee was formed to investigate the integrity of the recent voting process.
    Collocation:bipartisan support
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    • incumbent //

    /ɪnˈkʌmbənt/n / adj
    Definition:The person currently holding an office or position.
    Traducción:titular / que ocupa el cargo
    Example:The incumbent president is facing significant challenges in the upcoming polls.
    Collocation:the incumbent official
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    • plurality //

    /ˈplʊərəlɪti/n
    Definition:The fact or condition of being plural; in elections, the largest number of votes but not necessarily a majority.
    Traducción:pluralidad
    Example:The candidate won a plurality of the votes, but failed to achieve an absolute majority.
    Collocation:to win a plurality
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    • coalition //

    /ˌkəʊəˈlɪʃn/n
    Definition:A temporary alliance of political parties forming a government.
    Traducción:coalición
    Example:After weeks of negotiations, a coalition government was finally established.
    Collocation:to form a coalition
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    • legitimacy //

    /ləˈdʒɪtɪməsi/n
    Definition:The quality of being conformable to laws or rules; acceptance of authority.
    Traducción:legitimidad
    Example:The lack of transparency in the counting process raised questions about the legitimacy of the results.
    Collocation:political legitimacy
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    • polarized //

    /ˈpəʊləraɪzd/adj
    Definition:Divided into two sharply contrasting groups or sets of opinions.
    Traducción:polarizado
    Example:The electorate has become increasingly polarized, making compromise almost impossible.
    Collocation:highly polarized society
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    • grassroots //

    /ˈɡrɑːsruːts/adj / n
    Definition:Relating to the most basic level of an activity or organization, often involving ordinary people.
    Traducción:de base / popular
    Example:The movement gained momentum through grassroots organizing in small towns.
    Collocation:grassroots movement
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    • gerrymander //

    /ˈdʒɛrimændə(r)/v
    Definition:To manipulate the boundaries of an electoral constituency so as to favor one party or class.
    Traducción:manipular los límites de un distrito electoral
    Example:Opponents accused the ruling party of attempting to gerrymander the districts to ensure victory.
    Collocation:to gerrymander districts
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    • endorsement //

    /ɪnˈdɔːsmənt/n
    Definition:An act of giving one's public approval or support to someone or something.
    Traducción:respaldo / apoyo oficial
    Example:The candidate received a high-profile endorsement from the former prime minister.
    Collocation:to receive an endorsement
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    • unsettled //

    /ʌnˈsɛtld/adj
    Definition:Lacking order or stability; uncertain.
    Traducción:incierto / inestable
    Example:The political climate remains unsettled as the final vote count is still ongoing.
    Collocation:an unsettled situation
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    • populism //

    /ˈpɒpjʊlɪzəm/n
    Definition:A political approach that strives to appeal to ordinary people who feel that they are being exploited by the elite.
    Traducción:populismo
    Example:The rise of populism has reshaped the political landscape across much of Europe.
    Collocation:the rise of populism
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    • consensus //

    /kənˈsɛnsəs/n
    Definition:A general agreement.
    Traducción:consenso
    Example:The goal of the summit was to reach a consensus on democratic standards.
    Collocation:to reach a consensus
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    • advocate //

    /ˈædvəkət/v
    Definition:To publicly recommend or support a particular cause or policy.
    Traducción:defender / abogar por
    Example:Many activists advocate for more transparent voting technologies.
    Collocation:to advocate for change
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    • lobby //

    /ˈlɒbi/v / n
    Definition:To seek to influence a politician or public official on an issue.
    Traducción:cabildear / hacer lobby
    Example:Special interest groups continue to lobby the government regarding electoral reform.
    Collocation:to lobby the government
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    • delegate //

    /ˈdɛlɪɡət/n
    Definition:A person sent or chosen to represent others, especially at a conference.
    Traducción:delegado
    Example:Each delegate at the convention will vote on the new party platform.
    Collocation:party delegate
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    • unprecedented //

    /ʌnˈprɛsɪdɛntɪd/adj
    Definition:Never done or known before.
    Traducción:sin precedentes
    Example:The 2026 election saw an unprecedented turnout among young voters.
    Collocation:unprecedented levels
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    • swing //

    /swɪŋ/n / v
    Definition:A significant change in political opinion or voting patterns.
    Traducción:giro / cambio de tendencia
    Example:There was a massive swing towards the green party in the latest polls.
    Collocation:a major swing
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    • clout //

    /klaʊt/n
    Definition:Influence or power, especially in politics or business.
    Traducción:influencia / poder
    Example:The political heavyweight used her considerable clout to influence the selection process.
    Collocation:political clout
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    • spin //

    /spɪn/n
    Definition:A biased interpretation of an event or situation to influence public opinion.
    Traducción:manipulación de la información / sesgo
    Example:The campaign was criticized for using heavy spin to mask the candidate's controversial views.
    Collocation:to put a spin on something
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    • hot take // (n (informal))

    /hɒt teɪk/formal
    Definition:A quick, often controversial or provocative reaction to a news event.
    Traducción:opinión polémica / comentario rápido
    Example:Social media was flooded with hot takes regarding the election results last night.
    Collocation:to post a hot take
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    • game-changer // (n (informal))

    /ˈɡeɪmˌtʃeɪndʒə(r)/formal
    Definition:An event, discovery, or person that significantly changes the current situation.
    Traducción:algo que cambia las reglas del juego
    Example:The introduction of digital voting could be a total game-changer for turnout.
    Collocation:a real game-changer
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    • clash //

    /klæʃ/n / v
    Definition:A violent or noisy confrontation.
    Traducción:enfrentamiento / choque
    Example:Clashes between protesters and police broke out following the announcement of the results.
    Collocation:violent clashes
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    • rally //

    /ˈræli/n / v
    Definition:A mass meeting of people making a political protest or showing support.
    Traducción:mitin / concentración
    Example:Thousands of supporters gathered for a massive rally in the capital city.
    Collocation:to hold a rally
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