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Neuroscience & Brain ResearchL07
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Use of English

Transformation, word formation and precision work in Cambridge C1 style.

50 minC1c1use_of_englishneuroscience-brain-researchneuroscienceword formationkey word transformationbrain research

Lesson objectives

  • Improve grammatical precision and collocational control.
  • Practise exam-style transformations and word formation systematically.
  • Connect structure and lexis back to the unit theme of neuroscience & brain research.

Part 1 — Word formation

Instructions: Use the word in CAPITALS at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap.

  1. Recent breakthroughs in neuroimaging have provided _____ evidence of how memories are stored. NEGLIGIBLE
  2. The patient's _____ recovery after the stroke surprised even the most experienced clinicians. REMARK
  3. Scientists are still trying to understand the _____ between different regions of the cerebral cortex. INTERCONNECT
  4. The study was _____ designed to investigate the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive function. RIGOR
  5. Some researchers argue that the link between genetics and personality is _____ complex to map fully. UNKNOW
  6. The discovery of neuroplasticity has _____ changed our understanding of brain development. REVOLUTION
  7. There is an _____ amount of data to process when conducting large-scale brain scans. ENDLESS
  8. The ethical _____ of human brain research remains a subject of intense debate. CONTROVERSY

Part 2 — Key word transformations

Instructions: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given.

1. I didn't realise how much damage the injury had caused until the scan results arrived. | TURN → It ________ how much damage the injury had caused until the scan results arrived.

2. If the researchers hadn't used such precise equipment, they wouldn't have found the anomaly. | WOULD → Had the researchers used less precise equipment, the anomaly ____. 3. "I'm sorry I didn't attend the seminar," said the student to the professor. | WISHED → The student ___ the seminar. 4. It's a pity we didn't discover the neurological link earlier. | ONLY → If __ the neurological link earlier. 5. The professor suggested that we should conduct more trials to confirm the results. | THAT → The professor suggested __ more trials to confirm the results. 6. I've never seen such a sophisticated brain model before. | NEVER → This is the most _____ I have ever seen.

Answer key

  1. negligible
  2. remarkable
  3. interconnection
  4. rigorously
  5. infinitely
  6. revolutionised
  7. endless
  8. controversy
  9. only then did I realise
  10. would not have been found
  11. wished he/she had attended
  12. only we had discovered
  13. that we conduct
  14. sophisticated brain model