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Smart Cities & Urban TechnologyL07
use_of_english

Use of English

Transformation, word formation and precision work in Cambridge C1 style.

50 minC1c1use_of_englishsmart-cities-urban-technologysmart citiesurbanizationtechnologyword formation

Lesson objectives

  • Improve grammatical precision and collocational control.
  • Practise exam-style transformations and word formation systematically.
  • Connect structure and lexis back to the unit theme of smart cities & urban technology.

Part 1 — Word formation

Instructions: Read the text below. Use the word in CAPITALS at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.

The rapid pace of urbanisation has led to the development of "Smart Cities", where technology is used to improve living standards. One of the most significant _ (1) of this movement is the integration of IoT devices into public infrastructure. While some argue that constant monitoring is an _ (2) of privacy, proponents claim it is essential for the _ (3) of urban resources. For instance, smart grids can manage energy distribution with much higher _ (4) than traditional systems. However, the _ (5) of these technologies depends heavily on the initial investment required. Without proper planning, the digital divide could lead to social _ (6). Furthermore, the _ (7) of data security remains a major concern for city planners. Ultimately, the _ (8) of smart urban technology will depend on how well it serves the needs of its citizens.

  1. ADVANCE
  2. INTRUSIVE
  3. EFFICIENT
  4. PRECISE
  5. FEASIBILITY
  6. INEQUALITY
  7. RELIABILITY
  8. SUCCESSFUL

Part 2 — Key word transformations

Instructions: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given.

1. The most important thing is to reduce carbon emissions in urban areas. | MATTERS → ____ to reduce carbon emissions in urban areas. 2. We need to upgrade the public transport system to make it more efficient. | IS → The thing ___ the public transport system more efficient is to upgrade it. 3. He only realised the importance of smart infrastructure when the power went out. | WAS → It __ the importance of smart infrastructure when the power went out. 4. The main problem is the lack of high-speed internet in certain districts. | LIES → The problem __ the lack of high-speed internet in certain districts. 5. We must prioritise sustainable development in our city planning. | IS → What __ is to prioritise sustainable development in our city planning. 6. To live in a smart city, you need to be tech-savvy. | IS → Being tech-savvy _____ to live in a smart city.

Answer key

  1. advancements
  2. intrusion
  3. efficient use
  4. precision
  5. feasibility
  6. inequality
  7. reliability
  8. success
  9. What matters is
  10. is making
  11. was only when he realised
  12. lies in
  13. is to prioritise
  14. is necessary