Nature & the EnvironmentL02
grammar

Grammar Focus

Detailed explanation, examples and controlled practice for the unit grammar point.

60 minC1c1grammarnature-the-environmentpassive voicecausativeimpersonal passiveformal english

Lesson objectives

  • Recognise and control The passive voice (advanced forms, causative have/get).
  • Notice common errors Spanish-speaking learners make at advanced level.
  • Apply the structure in exam-style sentences related to nature & the environment.

Explicación (en español)

En el nivel C1 Advanced, la voz pasiva no se trata solo de cambiar el sujeto; se trata de manipular el enfoque de la frase para sonar más formal, académico o para enfatizar el proceso sobre el agente. En contextos sobre el medio ambiente, la pasiva es esencial porque a menudo lo importante es qué está ocurriendo (ej. el bosque está siendo talado) y no quién lo está haciendo. Además, utilizaremos estructuras avanzadas como la pasiva con verbos de opinión (It is thought that...) y la estructura causativa.

La estructura causativa (have/get something done) se utiliza cuando no realizamos la acción nosotros mismos, sino que contratamos o pedimos a alguien que lo haga. Por ejemplo, "We had the solar panels installed" (Mandamos instalar los paneles solares). Es vital distinguir entre have something done (más formal) y get something done (más informal/coloquial).

Un error típico de los hispanohablantes es intentar traducir literalmente estructuras como "se dice que" o "se cree que". En inglés, no podemos usar el "se" impersonal de la misma forma. En su lugar, usamos la pasiva impersonal: It is said that... o He is said to be.... Otro error común es olvidar el participio pasado en la estructura causativa, diciendo "I had the trees plant" en lugar de "I had the trees planted".

Finalmente, recuerda que la pasiva se utiliza para evitar la repetición de sujetos o cuando el agente es desconocido, obvio o irrelevante. En debates sobre el cambio climático, esto permite centrar la atención en las consecuencias ambientales en lugar de en individuos específicos, otorgando un tono más profesional y objetivo al discurso.

Form — estructura

Type Structure Example
Standard Passive Subject + be + Past Participle The rainforest is being destroyed.
Passive with Modal Subject + modal + be + Past Participle The law must be enforced.
Impersonal Passive It + be + verb of opinion + that... It is believed that temperatures will rise.
Advanced Impersonal Subject + be + verb of opinion + to-infinitive The species is thought to be extinct.
Causative (Formal) Subject + have + object + Past Participle We had the ecosystem surveyed.
Causative (Informal) Subject + get + object + Past Participle I need to get my car repaired.

Examples

  1. The ozone layer is being depleted by chemical emissions. (La capa de ozono está siendo agotada por las emisiones químicas.)
  2. It is widely argued that renewable energy is the only way forward. (Se argumenta ampliamente que la energía renovable es el único camino a seguir.)
  3. The endangered species is believed to have migrated north. (Se cree que la especie en peligro de extinción ha migrado hacia el norte.)
  4. We had the new irrigation system installed last month. (Mandamos instalar el nuevo sistema de riego el mes pasado.)
  5. The damage to the coral reef was caused by rising sea temperatures. (El daño al arrecife de coral fue causado por el aumento de la temperatura del mar.)
  6. They are getting the trees planted in the local park. (Están haciendo que planten los árboles en el parque local.)
  7. It was decided that the national park would be expanded. (Se decidió que el parque nacional sería ampliado.)
  8. The pollution levels were found to be much higher than expected. (Se descubrió que los niveles de contaminación eran mucho más altos de lo esperado.)

Contrast

  1. ✗ The forest was cut down by many people. / ✓ The forest was being cleared at an alarming rate. (En C1, usamos verbos más precisos como clear y estructuras de proceso).
  2. ✗ It is thought that the tiger lives in Asia. / ✓ The tiger is thought to live in Asia. (La segunda opción es la estructura avanzada de "Subject + to-infinitive").
  3. ✗ I had my garden clean. / ✓ I had my garden cleaned. (Error de participio: en la causativa, el objeto debe ir seguido del participio pasado).
  4. ✗ People say that the climate is changing. / ✓ It is said that the climate is changing. (Uso de la pasiva impersonal para dar un tono objetivo).

Mini-quiz — 10 preguntas

Transform the sentences using the prompts provided.

  1. People believe that the glacier is melting rapidly. The glacier... (use: is believed)

  2. Someone is cleaning the polluted river. The polluted river... (use: the passive)

  3. A professional company installed the wind turbines. We... (use: the causative have)

  4. Experts say that the dam was built in 1920. The dam... (use: is said)

  5. They are going to rebuild the coastal defences. The coastal defences... (use: the passive)

  6. Multiple Choice: The new environmental law __ by the government last week. a) was passed b) was pass c) has been passed

  7. Multiple Choice: I need to __ my solar panels checked. a) have b) get c) Both a and b are correct

  8. Multiple Choice: It __ that deforestation is increasing in the Amazon. a) is thought b) thinks c) is thought to

  9. Fill in the gap: The old forest was __ (protect) by the local community.

  10. Rewrite using the causative: I paid a gardener to plant the new saplings. I had...

Respuestas: 1. The glacier is believed to be melting rapidly. 2. The polluted river is being cleaned. 3. We had the wind turbines installed. 4. The dam is said to have been built in 1920. 5. The coastal defences are going to be rebuilt. 6. a) was passed 7. c) Both a and b are correct 8. a) is thought 9. protected 10. I had the new saplings planted.