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Finance, Investment & RiskL07
use_of_english

Use of English

Transformation, word formation and precision work in Cambridge C1 style.

50 minC1c1use_of_englishfinance-investment-riskfinanceinvestmentriskvolatility

Lesson objectives

  • Improve grammatical precision and collocational control.
  • Practise exam-style transformations and word formation systematically.
  • Connect structure and lexis back to the unit theme of finance, investment & risk.

Unit 16: Finance, Investment & Risk

Part 1 — Word formation

Instructions: Read the text below. Use the word in CAPITALS at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. For C1 level, pay attention to prefixes, suffixes, and noun/adgective/adverb transformations.

The global market has experienced significant volatility recently, leading to widespread 1. _ among retail investors. While some see these fluctuations as an 2. _, others fear a total market collapse. Diversifying a portfolio is often seen as a way to mitigate 3. _, though no strategy can guarantee 4. _. Many financial advisors suggest that an 5. _ approach to long-term planning is better than chasing short-term gains. However, the 6. _ of high-risk assets remains a topic of debate. Some argue that the 7. _ of the current economic climate requires more cautious management. Ultimately, the 8. _ of one's financial future depends on both luck and strategic decision-making.

  1. UNCERTAIN
  2. OPPORTUNITY
  3. RISK
  4. PROFIT
  5. INVEST
  6. VOLATILE
  7. INSTABLE
  8. DECIDE

Part 2 — Key word transformations

Instructions: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and five words, including the word given. 1. "I am sorry I forgot your birthday," said Mark. | REGRETTED → Mark __ his birthday. 2. "I'll definitely pay you back next week," promised Sarah. | ASSURED → Sarah __ pay him back the following week. 3. "The project was a complete failure," the manager said. | ADMITTED → The manager __ the project had been a complete failure. 4. "I didn't steal the money," the suspect told the police. | DENIED → The suspect __ the money. 5. "We are going to expand into Asia," the CEO announced. | STATED → The CEO __ to expand into Asia. 6. "I didn't mean to break the vase," she said. | INTENDED → She __ the vase.

Answer key

  1. uncertainty
  2. opportunity
  3. risk
  4. profitability
  5. investment
  6. volatility
  7. instability
  8. decision
  9. regretted forgetting
  10. assured him she would
  11. admitted that
  12. denied stealing
  13. stated that they were
  14. did not intend to break