Writing Workshop

Unit 28: Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering

Writing Task: The Essay

Task (Cambridge C1 Advanced, Part 2)

Instructions: Your class has been discussing the ethical implications of modern science. You have been asked to write an essay discussing two ways in which biotechnology could be used to benefit society, and whether you think the potential risks outweigh the benefits.

Notes: Write your essay on the following: 1. Improving food security and crop yields. 2. Medical breakthroughs and disease prevention.

Word count: 220–260 words.

Tips (en español)

• Structure: Utiliza una estructura de cuatro párrafos: Introducción (presentación del tema), Párrafo 1 (punto 1), Párrafo 2 (punto 2) y Conclusión (tu opinión final).
• Register: Mantén un tono formal y académico. Evita contracciones (use do not instead of don't) y lenguaje coloquial.
• Linking: Usa conectores avanzados para guiar al lector (Furthermore, Conversely, Notwithstanding). No te limites a And o But.
• Hedging (Cautela): En temas científicos/éticos, no uses afirmaciones absolutas. Usa lenguaje de "posibilidad" (It is argued that..., This could lead to...) para mostrar sofisticación.
• Evaluación de ideas: No te limites a listar beneficios. Para un nivel C1, debes analizar la relación entre el beneficio y el riesgo para demostrar pensamiento crítico.
• Time management: Dedica 5 minutos a planificar tus ideas antes de escribir. Un ensayo sin estructura clara es difícil de corregir, incluso si el inglés es perfecto.

Useful language

Model answer

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The Ethical Balance of Biotechnological Advancement

In recent years, biotechnology has transitioned from science fiction to a tangible reality, sparking intense debate regarding its ethical implications. This essay will examine the potential of genetic engineering in agriculture and medicine, evaluating whether these advancements justify the inherent risks.

One primary benefit lies in enhancing food security. Through genetically modified organisms (GMOs), scientists can develop crops that are resistant to pests and extreme weather conditions. This could significantly increase global food supplies, providing a solution to malnutrition in developing nations. However, concerns regarding biodiversity loss and the long-term impact on ecosystems remain valid and must be addressed.

Furthermore, the medical applications of biotechnology are revolutionary. Gene editing, such as CRISPR technology, offers the possibility of eradicating hereditary diseases. This could alleviate immense human suffering and reduce the burden on healthcare systems globally. Nevertheless, the prospect of "designer babies" raises profound ethical questions regarding social inequality and the definition of natural human life.

In conclusion, while the risks associated with biotechnology—ranging from ecological instability to ethical dilemmas—are substantial, I believe the benefits outweigh the drawbacks. If implemented under strict international regulation, the ability to secure food supplies and cure incurable diseases represents a monumental leap forward for humanity. Ultimately, the focus should not be on halting progress, but on managing it with profound responsibility.

Marking checklist

• Content: ¿Has respondido a ambos puntos de las notas y has dado una opinión clara sobre si los riesgos superan los beneficios?
• Communicative Achievement: ¿El tono es formal y académico? ¿Has usado el "hedging" para tratar temas complejos de forma diplomática?
• Organisation: ¿El ensayo fluye lógicamente mediante el uso de párrafos y conectores? ¿Hay una progresión clara de la introducción a la conclusión?
• Language: ¿Has utilizado vocabulario avanzado (ej. inherent, alleviate, monumental) y estructuras gramaticales complejas (ej. passive voice, conditional structures) sin errores que dificulten la lectura?