Entrepreneurship & Start-upsL02
grammar

Grammar Focus

Detailed explanation, examples and controlled practice for the unit grammar point.

60 minC1c1grammarentrepreneurship-start-upsfuture perfect continuousbe about tobe due tobe bound to

Lesson objectives

  • Recognise and control Future forms: future perfect continuous, be about to, be due to, is bound to.
  • Notice common errors Spanish-speaking learners make at advanced level.
  • Apply the structure in exam-style sentences related to entrepreneurship & start-ups.

Explicación (en español)

En este nivel C1, ya no basta con usar will o going to. Para hablar de negocios y emprendimiento con precisión, necesitamos matizar la intención, la probabilidad y la duración de las acciones. El Future Perfect Continuous se utiliza para enfatizar la duración de una acción que continúa hasta un punto específico en el futuro. Por ejemplo, si una startup lleva tres años trabajando en un algoritmo, diríamos: "By next month, they will have been developing this software for three years". Es vital recordar que este tiempo se usa para proyectar hacia atrás desde el futuro hacia la duración de una actividad.

Para hablar de eventos inminentes o programados, utilizamos be about to y be due to. Be about to indica que algo está a punto de suceder en un futuro inmediato (un segundo después), mientras que be due to se utiliza para eventos que están programados o previstos en un horario oficial (como una reunión de inversores o el lanzamiento de un producto). Un error común es confundirlos; si dices "The CEO is due to resign" significa que tiene previsto hacerlo según su agenda, mientras que "The CEO is about to resign" sugiere que está saliendo de la oficina justo ahora para renunciar.

Finalmente, is bound to se utiliza para expresar una certeza casi absoluta basada en la lógica o la evidencia. Significa que algo es "inevitable" o que "seguramente ocurrirá". En el contexto de negocios, se usa para predicciones de mercado: "With such high demand, the company is bound to succeed". Los hispanohablantes suelen traducirlo erróneamente como "está atado a", pero en este contexto, la traducción más natural sería "es inevitable que" o "no hay duda de que".

Un error típico es usar el Future Perfect Continuous con verbos de estado (stative verbs como know, want, believe). Nunca digas "I will have been knowing..."; en su lugar, usa el Future Perfect Simple. Asimismo, asegúrate de no usar be due to para eventos casuales; este requiere un contexto de planificación o formalidad.

Form — estructura

Structure Form Use
Future Perfect Continuous Subject + will have been + verb-ing To emphasise the duration of an action up to a point in the future.
Be about to Subject + be + about to + infinitive To express an action that will happen very soon (immediate future).
Be due to Subject + be + due to + infinitive To express scheduled events or formal arrangements.
Be bound to Subject + be + bound to + infinitive To express certainty or something that is inevitable.

Examples

  1. By the end of this quarter, we will have been working on this prototype for six months. (Para finales de este trimestre, habremos estado trabajando en este prototipo durante seis meses).
  2. Watch out! The stock price is about to plummet. (¡Cuidado! El precio de las acciones está a punto de desplomarse).
  3. The annual shareholders' meeting is due to take place next Tuesday. (La junta anual de accionistas está prevista para celebrarse el próximo martes).
  4. If they don't innovate, they are bound to lose their market share. (Si no innovan, es inevitable que pierdan su cuota de mercado).
  5. By midnight, the developers will have been coding for twenty hours straight. (Para la medianoche, los desarrolladores habrán estado programando durante veinte horas seguidas).
  6. We are about to sign the contract with the new venture capital firm. (Estamos a punto de firmar el contrato con la nueva firma de capital de riesgo).
  7. The new product launch is due to happen in early September. (El lanzamiento del nuevo producto está programado para principios de septiembre).
  8. With such a strong business plan, the startup is bound to attract investors. (Con un plan de negocio tan sólido, es seguro que la startup atraerá inversores).

Contrast

  1. ✗ By 2025, they will be working here for ten years. ✓ By 2025, they will have been working here for ten years. (Error: Se necesita el Future Perfect Continuous para enfatizar la duración acumulada hasta un punto futuro).

  2. ✗ The plane is about to arrive at 5:00 PM. ✓ The plane is due to arrive at 5:00 PM. (Error: 'About to' es para algo inmediato; para horarios programados se usa 'due to').

  3. ✗ It will be bound to rain tomorrow. ✓ It is bound to rain tomorrow. (Error: 'Bound to' no utiliza el auxiliar 'will' en su estructura estándar de certeza).

  4. ✗ We will have been knowing the truth for a year. ✓ We will have known the truth for a year. (Error: 'Know' es un stative verb; no se puede usar en formas continuas).

Mini-quiz — 10 preguntas

1. By next year, the entrepreneur _ her own company for a decade. a) will be running b) will have been running c) is due to run

2. Complete the sentence: "Don't interrupt him! He _ to give a presentation." a) is due b) is about c) will have been

3. Rewrite using 'bound to': "It is certain that the company will expand into Asia." The company ________ into Asia.

4. The new factory _ open on the first of January. a) is about to b) is due to c) will have been

5. Choose the correct option: "If we don't pivot our strategy, we _ fail." a) are due to b) are about to c) are bound to

6. Transform the sentence: "They started the project in January. In June, they will have been working on it for six months." (Use the same structure to rewrite the first part). By June, they ________ on the project for six months.

7. "The merger is _ happen any minute now; the lawyers are in the room." a) due to b) about to c) bound to

8. Identify the error: "By the time he retires, he will have been being a CEO for twenty years." (Hint: Think about stative verbs).

9. Complete the sentence: "The shipment _ arrive at the warehouse tomorrow morning according to the schedule." a) is about to b) is due to c) will have been

10. Multiple choice: "With his level of experience, he _ succeed in this role." a) is due to b) is about to c) is bound to


Respuestas: 1. b 2. b 3. is bound to expand 4. b 5. c 6. will have been working 7. b 8. Error: 'being' is incorrect here. It should be 'will have been a CEO'. 9. b 10. c