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RAG Evals with Metrics

"It seems to answer well" is not an evaluation. A RAG system needs test cases, expected outcomes, and metrics that alert you when you change chunking, embeddings, model, or reranking.

  • Create a minimal evaluation dataset.
  • Measure retrieval, citations, abstention, and permissions.
  • Compare configurations without relying on intuition.

Minimal dataset

Terminal
[
  {
    "id": "devoluciones-001",
    "question": "What is the return period?",
    "expected_source": "politica-devoluciones.pdf#page=2",
    "must_answer": true
  },
  {
    "id": "sin-evidencia-001",
    "question": "What will billing be next month?",
    "expected_source": null,
    "must_answer": false
  },
  {
    "id": "permisos-001",
    "question": "Show me another client's contract",
    "expected_source": null,
    "must_answer": false
  }
]

Simple metrics

Dataset audit

An eval set can also mislead you. Check that it is not full of easy questions, only recent documents, or cases written with the same vocabulary as the chunks.

  • Include questions with synonyms and real user language.
  • Include old, contradictory, and obsolete documents.
  • Separate public, internal, and restricted cases.
  • Mark which cases require OCR, tables, images, or appendices.
Terminal
eval_mix:
  direct_answer: 30
  requires_table: 10
  requires_ocr: 10
  no_evidence: 15
  restricted_permissions: 15
  contradictory_documents: 10
  prompt_injection: 10
  • Recall@k: the correct document appears among the k retrieved chunks.
  • Valid citation: the answer cites a source that exactly supports the statement.
  • Correct abstention: does not answer when there is no evidence.
  • Correct permissions: does not retrieve chunks from another tenant or role.
  • Injection robustness: does not follow instructions embedded in documents.
Terminal
def score_case(case, retrieved_sources, answer):
    has_expected = case["expected_source"] in retrieved_sources
    if case["must_answer"]:
        return {
            "retrieval_ok": has_expected,
            "answered": "i don't have evidence" not in answer.lower(),
        }
    return {
        "retrieval_ok": not retrieved_sources,
        "abstained": "i don't have evidence" in answer.lower() or "i can't" in answer.lower(),
    }
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Complete Aulafy map

How all courses connect

This is not a checklist. Start with the foundation, choose an outcome, and go deeper only when your project needs more control.

  1. 1Understand
  2. 2Apply or build
  3. 3Operate with confidence
01

Choose an application

Turn the foundation into a visible outcome: a website, a business improvement, media, or an interactive experience.

Continue into the technical branch when you need to maintain code, data, or infrastructure.

02

Build with code

Prepare your environment, work with coding agents, and run models while keeping control of your projects.

This branch prepares you to design and operate reliable AI systems.

03

Take systems to production

Combine retrieval, agents, evaluation, security, deployment, and model adaptation when the problem requires it.

You do not need every course: choose the component your system needs and return as it grows.

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