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Constitutional Law, Rights & FreedomsL07
use_of_english

Use of English

Transformation, word formation and precision work in Cambridge C1 style.

50 minC1c1use_of_englishconstitutional-law-rights-freedomsconstitutional lawrightsword formationkey word transformation

Lesson objectives

  • Improve grammatical precision and collocational control.
  • Practise exam-style transformations and word formation systematically.
  • Connect structure and lexis back to the unit theme of constitutional law, rights & freedoms.

Part 1 — Word formation

Instructions: Read the text below. Use the word in CAPITALS at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.

The legal framework of a democratic nation relies on the __ (1) of individual liberties. Without such protections, the state could exercise _ (2) power over its citizens. The __ (3) of the constitution ensures that even during times of crisis, fundamental rights remain _ (4) to the legal process. It is often argued that the __ (5) of new laws must be balanced against the potential for _ (6) of privacy. Ultimately, the goal is to create a society where justice is __ (7) and the rule of law is upheld through _ (8) institutional processes.

  1. PRESERVATION
  2. ARBITRARY
  3. ESTABLISHMENT
  4. INALIENABLE
  5. LEGISLATION
  6. ENCROACH
  7. EQUITABLE
  8. TRANSPARENT

Part 2 — Key word transformations

Instructions: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and five words, including the word given.

1. It is essential that the committee reaches a decision by Friday. DECIDE → It is essential that the committee ____ by Friday. 2. The judge demanded that the witness tell the truth. THAT → The judge insisted ___ the truth. 3. I strongly recommend that he applies for the position immediately. SHOULD → I suggest __ for the position immediately. 4. It is necessary for the government to inform the public about the changes. BE → It is necessary that the public __ about the changes. 5. The lawyer suggested that the defendant remain silent. STAY → The lawyer recommended __ silent. 6. It is vital that we address this legal loophole as soon as possible. THAT → It is vital _____ this legal loophole as soon as possible.

Answer key

  1. preservation
  2. arbitrary
  3. establishment
  4. inalienable
  5. legislation
  6. encroachment
  7. equitable
  8. transparent
  9. decide on a decision
  10. that the witness tell
  11. he should apply
  12. be informed
  13. that the defendant stay
  14. that we address