Grammar Focus
Detailed explanation, examples and controlled practice for the unit grammar point.
Lesson objectives
- Recognise and control Future forms: future perfect continuous, be about to, be due to, is bound to.
- Notice common errors Spanish-speaking learners make at advanced level.
- Apply the structure in exam-style sentences related to nutrition science, diets & food politics.
Explicación (en español)
En este nivel C1, el objetivo es dominar la precisión temporal. El Future Perfect Continuous se utiliza para enfatizar la duración de una acción que continuará hasta un punto específico en el futuro. A diferencia del Future Continuous, este se centra en "cuánto tiempo" habrá estado ocurriendo algo. Es fundamental usarlo con expresiones temporales como for five years o by next month.
Por otro lado, tenemos estructuras de "futuro inminente" o "planificado". Be about to se utiliza para algo que va a ocurrir de forma inmediata (un segundo después de hablar). Be due to es más formal y se utiliza para eventos programados, como horarios de transporte o citas oficiales. Is bound to no indica un horario, sino una certeza lógica o una probabilidad muy alta; se traduce como "seguramente" o "es inevitable que".
Un error típico de los hispanohablantes es intentar traducir literalmente "voy a estar haciendo" usando solo el going to. Aunque gramaticalmente posible, para expresar duración acumulada en el futuro, el Future Perfect Continuous es mucho más natural y avanzado. Asimismo, solemos confundir be due to (programado) con be about to (inminente). Recuerda: si es un horario de una conferencia, usa due to; si el ponente está entrando en el escenario ahora mismo, usa about to.
Finalmente, ten cuidado con is bound to. En español solemos decir "seguro que..." o "va a pasar sí o sí". En inglés, is bound to captura esa sensación de inevitabilidad basada en la evidencia actual. No lo uses para planes personales, sino para predicciones basadas en tendencias o hechos.
Form — estructura
| Structure | Form | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| Future Perfect Continuous | Subject + will have been + verb-ing | To show how long an action has been in progress at a certain point in the future. |
| Be about to | Subject + be + about to + infinitive | To express an action that is going to happen very soon (imminent). |
| Be due to | Subject + be + due to + infinitive | To express scheduled events or formal arrangements. |
| Be bound to | Subject + be + bound to + infinitive | To express certainty or something that is inevitable. |
Examples
- By next year, scientists will have been studying the effects of microplastics on human gut health for a decade. (Para el año que viene, los científicos habrán estado estudiando los efectos de los microplásticos en la salud intestinal humana durante una década).
- The government is about to announce new regulations on sugar content in soft drinks. (El gobierno está a punto de anunciar nuevas regulaciones sobre el contenido de azúcar en los refrescos).
- The annual summit on Food Politics is due to begin at 9:00 AM tomorrow. (La cumbre anual sobre Política Alimentaria está programada para comenzar mañana a las 9:00 AM).
- With the rise of processed foods, lifestyle-related diseases are bound to increase. (Con el aumento de los alimentos procesados, es inevitable que las enfermedades relacionadas con el estilo de vida aumenten).
- By the end of this clinical trial, researchers will have been monitoring the participants' diets for six months. (Al final de este ensayo clínico, los investigadores habrán estado monitorizando las dietas de los participantes durante seis meses).
- We are about to witness a revolution in lab-grown meat technology. (Estamos a punto de presenciar una revolución en la tecnología de carne cultivada en laboratorio).
- The new organic farming laws are due to take effect next month. (Las nuevas leyes de agricultura orgánica entrarán en vigor el mes que viene).
- If we don't change our eating habits, obesity rates are bound to rise further. (Si no cambiamos nuestros hábitos alimenticios, las tasas de obesidad inevitablemente seguirán aumentando).
Contrast
- ✗ By 2025, they will be studying nutrition for ten years. / ✓ By 2025, they will have been studying nutrition for ten years. (Error: Se necesita el Future Perfect Continuous para enfatizar la duración acumulada hasta un punto futuro).
- ✗ The flight is about to arrive at 10 PM. / ✓ The flight is due to arrive at 10 PM. (Error: About to es para algo inmediato; para horarios programados se usa due to).
- ✗ It will be about to rain because the clouds are dark. / ✓ It is bound to rain because the clouds are dark. (Error: About to es inminencia; bound to es probabilidad lógica/inevitabilidad).
- ✗ The CEO is due to walk into the room right now. / ✓ The CEO is about to walk into the room right now. (Error: Si la acción es inmediata, about to es la opción correcta).
Mini-quiz — 10 preguntas
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By the end of this month, the nutritionist _____ working with this clinic for twenty years. a) will be b) will have been c) is due to
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Look at the chef! He _____ plate the signature dish. a) is about to b) is bound to c) will have been
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The new food safety report _____ be published on Monday morning. a) is about to b) is due to c) will have been
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If the price of organic produce keeps rising, it _____ become a luxury only for the wealthy. a) is about to b) is due to c) is bound to
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TRANSFORMATION: We expect the new dietary guidelines to be released tomorrow. (Use DUE TO) The new dietary guidelines ______ tomorrow.
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TRANSFORMATION: It is certain that the popularity of plant-based diets will increase. (Use BOUND TO) The popularity of plant-based diets ______ .
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By midnight, the food scientists _____ testing the new formula for twelve hours. a) will have been b) are about to c) will be
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MULTIPLE CHOICE: "I can't talk now, the dinner service _____ start!" a) is due to b) is about to c) will have been
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TRANSFORMATION: We started this study in 2020. In 2030, we _____ (study) for ten years. a) will be studying b) will have been studying c) are due to study
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MULTIPLE CHOICE: With such high levels of pollution, food scarcity _____ happen. a) is about to b) is due to c) is bound to
Respuestas: 1. b | 2. a | 3. b | 4. c | 5. are due to be released | 6. is bound to increase | 7. a | 8. b | 9. b | 10. c